LURE EFFECTIVENESS AT ATTRACTING WOOD BORING INSECTS IN
DIFFERENT FOREST TYPES

Janet L. Frederick and Andrew J. Storer

Michigan Technological University, School of Forest Resources
and Environmental Science, Houghton, MI 49931
Abstract
A new lure has recently been developed to attract long-horned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).Several experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of this new lure compared with some commonly used lures, such as those releasing high doses of ethanol and alpha-pinene.  These experiments were conducted in two forest types to determine the new lures’ attractiveness to bark and wood-inhabiting insects in deciduous and coniferous forests.  Statistically significant results were obtained for long-horned beetles, bark beetles, cylindrical bark beetles and checkered beetles.
Objectives
•Determine if the new long-horned beetle lure (LHB)  is more effective at attracting long-horned beetles than alpha-pinene or ethanol.
•
•Determine if the long-horned beetle lure attracts more long-horned beetles than alpha-pinene and ethanol released in combination.
•
•Determine which type of wood-inhabiting insect lure attracts what type of wood-inhabiting insect in deciduous and coniferous forests.
Discussion
•Detection is critical for management and possible eradication of exotic insects.
•While the newly developed long-horned beetle lure is attractive to long-horned beetles, it may cause some harmful, though unintended, consequences as the predatory checkered beetles and cylindrical bark beetles were attracted to this lure in large numbers. 
•If a large enough percentage of the predatory population is removed from an area it could allow their prey population (bark beetles) to increase in number.
•Further studies need to be conducted to determine the extent to which the predatory population is being affected.
Acknowledgments
We thank the Department of Biological Sciences and the School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science at Michigan Technological University.  We also thank the NSF REU program and its coordinators, the graduate students working in the lab and the REU students who helped in the work.  JLF thanks Janice M. Glime for introducing her to research. 
All insect photographs are from http://www.forestryimages.org/insects.cfm
For contact: Email jfrederi@mtu.edu
Checkered Beetle- (Thanasimus dubius)
Results
Experiment 1- Deciduous Forest
•Bark beetle catches were significantly higher in ethanol baited traps than in other traps.
•Checkered beetle catches were significantly higher in long-horned beetle lure baited traps than in other traps.
Experiment 2- Coniferous Forest
•Long-horned beetle, checkered beetle, cylindrical bark beetle and bark beetle catches were significantly higher in the long-horned beetle lure baited traps than in other traps.
•Click beetle catches were significantly higher in alpha-pinene baited traps than in other traps.
Experiment 3- Deciduous and Coniferous Forest
•Long-horned beetle trap catches in the coniferous forest were higher in long-horned beetle lure baited traps than in the un-baited controls. Catches of long-horned beetles in the ethanol and alpha-pinene baited traps did not differ from catches in long-horned beetle lure baited traps or controls (Figure 1).
•Bark beetle, cylindrical bark beetle and checkered beetle catches were significantly higher in the long-horned beetle lure baited traps than in other traps in the coniferous forest (Figures 2, 3 and 4).
•Trap catches of all taxa were low in the deciduous forest.
Methods
Experiment One and Two
•Experiment one was in a deciduous forest, and experiment two was in a coniferous forest. These experiments were not conducted concurrently.
•Each experiment had 9 blocks of 4 Lindgren multiple funnel traps.
•Traps were baited with 1) new long-horned beetle lure, 2) alpha-pinene, 3) ethanol or 4) no lure (control). Traps were emptied every 3 days for three weeks.
Experiment Three
•Conducted in deciduous and coniferous forest concurrently.
•6 blocks in each forest with three traps per block.
•Traps were baited with 1) new long-horned beetle lure, 2) alpha-pinene plus ethanol or 4) no lure (control). Traps were emptied every other day for two weeks.
All data was square root transformed and significance of differences between treatments were determined using factorial ANOVA (alpha=0.05).  Pairwise comparisons between treatments were made using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference test.
Collection cup:  includes beetles from the families Cerambycidae (long-horned beetles), Scolytidae (bark beetles), Cleridae (checkered beetles), and Colydiidae (cylindrical bark beetles).
Figure 1:  Mean number of long-horned beetles trapped in deciduous and coniferous forest.  Back transformed data shown following ANOVA. Bars with different letters differ, P<0.05. Error bars are of standard error.
Figure 2:  Mean number of bark beetles trapped in deciduous and coniferous forest. Back transformed data shown following ANOVA. Bars with different letters differ, P<0.05. Error bars are of standard error.
Figure 3:  Mean number of checkered beetles trapped in deciduous and coniferous forest. Back transformed data shown following ANOVA. Bars with different letters differ, P<0.05. Error bars are of standard error.
Figure 4:  Mean number of cylindrical bark beetles trapped in deciduous and coniferous forest. Back transformed data shown following ANOVA. Bars with different letters differ, P<0.05. Error bars are of standard error.
Bark Beetle- (Ips grandicollis)